| FOREWORD |
6 |
| OBJECTIVES AND APPLICATION SCOPE |
10 |
| Article 1.1 |
10 |
| Article 1.2 |
10 |
| Article 2 |
11 |
| Article 3 |
11 |
| 2 Article 4.1 |
12 |
| GENERAL PRINCIPLES |
12 |
| Article 4.2 |
12 |
| Article 4.3 |
12 |
| Article 4.4 |
12 |
| Article 4.5 |
13 |
| Article 5.1 |
13 |
| Article 5.2 |
13 |
| Article 5.3 |
13 |
| Article 6.1 |
13 |
| Article 6.2 |
14 |
| Article 6.3 |
14 |
| Article 6.4 |
14 |
| Article 6.5 |
14 |
| III |
16 |
| PATIENT-DOCTOR RELATIONSHIPS. INFORMATION AND CONSENT |
16 |
| Article 7.1 |
16 |
| Article 7.2 |
16 |
| Article 7.3 |
16 |
| Article 7.4 |
16 |
| Article 7.6 |
17 |
| Article 8.1 |
17 |
| Article 8.2 |
17 |
| Article 8.4 |
18 |
| Article 9 |
18 |
| Article 10.1 |
18 |
| Article 10.3 |
19 |
| Article 10.4 |
19 |
| Article 10.6 |
20 |
| Article 10.7 |
20 |
| Article 10.8 |
20 |
| Article 10.10 |
21 |
| Article 10.11 |
21 |
| Article 11.1 |
21 |
| Article 11.3 |
22 |
| Article 12.1 |
22 |
| Article 12.2 |
22 |
| Article 12.4 |
23 |
| Article 13.1 |
23 |
| IV |
26 |
| THE MEDICAL RECORD AND DOCUMENTATION |
26 |
| Article 14.1 |
26 |
| Article 14.2 |
26 |
| Article 14.3 |
26 |
| Article 14.5 |
27 |
| Article 14.6 |
27 |
| Article 14.7 |
27 |
| Article 14.8 |
28 |
| Article 14.9 |
28 |
| Article 15 |
28 |
| Article 16 |
28 |
| Article 17.2 |
29 |
| V |
30 |
| QUALITY IN MEDICAL CARE |
30 |
| Article 18.1 |
30 |
| Article 18.2 |
30 |
| Article 18.3 |
30 |
| Article 19.1 |
30 |
| Article 19.3 |
31 |
| Article 20.1 |
31 |
| Article 20.2 |
31 |
| Article 20.3 |
31 |
| Article 20.5 |
32 |
| Article 20.6 |
32 |
| Article 20.7 |
32 |
| Article 20.8 |
32 |
| Article 21.1 |
33 |
| Article 21.2 |
33 |
| Article 21.3 |
33 |
| Article 22.1 |
33 |
| Article 22.2 |
33 |
| Article 23.1 |
34 |
| Article 23.2 |
34 |
| Article 23.3 |
34 |
| PHYSICIAN RESPONSIBILITY |
36 |
| Article 24.1 |
36 |
| Article 24.2 |
36 |
| Article 24.3 |
36 |
| Article 24.4 |
36 |
| Article 25 |
37 |
| Article 26.1 |
37 |
| Article 26.2 |
37 |
| Article 26.3 |
37 |
| PROFESSIONAL SECRECY |
38 |
| Article 27.1 |
38 |
| Article 27.2 |
38 |
| Article 27.3 |
38 |
| Article 27.4 |
38 |
| Article 28.2 |
39 |
| Article 28.3 |
39 |
| Article 28.4 |
39 |
| Article 28.5 |
39 |
| Article 29.2 |
40 |
| Article 29.3 |
40 |
| Article 29.4 |
40 |
| Article 30.1 |
40 |
| Article 30.2 |
40 |
| Article 30.4 |
41 |
| Article 31.1 |
41 |
| Article 32.1 |
42 |
| Article 32.2 |
42 |
| Article 33 |
42 |
| VIII |
44 |
| CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTION |
44 |
| Article 34.1 |
44 |
| Article 34.2 |
44 |
| Article 34.3 |
45 |
| Article 35.1 |
45 |
| Article 35.2 |
45 |
| Article 36.1 |
45 |
| Article 36.2 |
46 |
| Article 36.3 |
46 |
| Article 37 |
46 |
| END OF LIFE MEDICAL CARE |
48 |
| Article 38.1 |
48 |
| Article 38.2 |
48 |
| Article 38.3 |
48 |
| Article 38.5 |
49 |
| Article 38.6 |
49 |
| Article 38.7 |
49 |
| 10Article 39 |
50 |
| PATIENT SAFETY |
50 |
| Article 40 |
50 |
| Article 41.1 |
50 |
| Article 41.2 |
50 |
| Article 42.1 |
51 |
| Article 42.2 |
51 |
| Article 43.1 |
52 |
| Article 43.2 |
52 |
| Article 43.3 |
52 |
| Article 44 |
52 |
| Article 45.2 |
53 |
| XI |
54 |
| RELATIONSHIPS AMONG DOCTORS AND WITH OTHER PATIENTS |
54 |
| Article 46.1 |
54 |
| Article 46.2 |
54 |
| Article 46.3 |
54 |
| Article 47.1 |
55 |
| Article 47.2 |
55 |
| Article 48.1 |
55 |
| Article 48.2 |
55 |
| Article 48.3 |
56 |
| Article 49.1 |
56 |
| Article 49.2 |
56 |
| Article 49.3 |
56 |
| Article 50.2 |
57 |
| Article 51.1 |
57 |
| Article 51.2 |
57 |
| Article 51.3 |
57 |
| DOCTOR’S DUTIES WITH THE COLEGIAL CORPORATION |
58 |
| Article 52.1 |
58 |
| Article 52.2 |
58 |
| Article 52.3 |
58 |
| Article 53.2 |
59 |
| Article 54 |
59 |
| Article 55 |
59 |
| WORK IN HEALTHCARE INSTITUTIONS |
60 |
| Article 56.1 |
60 |
| Article 56.2 |
60 |
| Article 57 |
61 |
| ORGAN, TISSUE, AND BLOOD TRANSPLANTS |
62 |
| Article 58.1 |
62 |
| Article 58.2 |
62 |
| Article 58.3 |
62 |
| Article 58.4 |
63 |
| Article 58.5 |
63 |
| Article 58.6 |
63 |
| Article 58.7 |
63 |
| Article 59 |
63 |
| Article 60.1 |
63 |
| Article 60.2 |
64 |
| Article 60.3 |
64 |
| XV |
66 |
| SEXUALITY |
66 |
| Article 61.1 |
66 |
| Article 61.2 |
66 |
| Article 61.3 |
66 |
| Article 61.4 |
67 |
| Article 62 |
67 |
| Article 63.1 |
67 |
| Article 63.2 |
67 |
| Article 64.1 |
68 |
| Article 64.2 |
68 |
| Article 64.3 |
68 |
| Article 65.1 |
68 |
| Article 65.2 |
68 |
| Article 66 |
69 |
| Article 67.1 |
69 |
| Article 67.2 |
69 |
| Article 68.1 |
69 |
| Article 68.2 |
69 |
| 16Article 69.1 |
70 |
| GENETIC TESTING |
70 |
| Article 69.2 |
70 |
| Article 69.3 |
70 |
| Article 69.5 |
71 |
| Article 69.6 |
71 |
| MEDICAL RESEARCH INVOLVING HUMAN SUBJECTS |
72 |
| Article 70.1 |
72 |
| Article 70.2 |
72 |
| Article 70.3 |
72 |
| Article 71.2 |
73 |
| Article 71.3 |
73 |
| Article 71.4 |
73 |
| DEALING WITH VIOLENCE, TORTURE, HARASSMENT AND DEPRIVATION OF PERSON’S FREEDOM |
74 |
| Article 72.1 |
74 |
| Article 72.2 |
74 |
| Article 72.4 |
75 |
| Article 73.1 |
75 |
| Article 73.2 |
75 |
| Article 73.3 |
75 |
| Article 74 |
75 |
| 19Article 75.1 |
76 |
| DOPING IN SPORTS |
76 |
| Article 75.2 |
76 |
| Article 75.3 |
76 |
| Article 75.4 |
76 |
| MEDICAL EXPERTS AND WITNESSES |
78 |
| Article 76.1 |
78 |
| Article 76.2 |
78 |
| Article 76.3 |
78 |
| Article 76.4 |
79 |
| Article 76.5 |
79 |
| Article 76.6 |
79 |
| Article 76.7 |
79 |
| Article 76.8 |
79 |
| Article 76.9 |
80 |
| Article 76.10 |
80 |
| Article 76.11 |
80 |
| Article 76.12 |
80 |
| 21Article 77.1 |
82 |
| TRAINING AND TEACHING |
82 |
| Ongoing medical training is a medical ethical duty, a right, and a responsibility of all doctors throughout their professional lives. |
82 |
| Every doctor should train in Medical Ethics and Deontology during their training and education period. |
82 |
| Undergraduate and postgraduate medical teaching must include the ethical and deontological aspects of the profession. |
82 |
| A teaching doctor must not transmit ideas that are contrary to science or Medical Ethics. A doctor must treat students and medical trainees with respect and dignity. |
82 |
| A teaching doctor must ensure that the teaching and learning processes are carried out minimizing the inconvenience that they could cause to patients. |
83 |
| PROFESSIONAL PUBLICATIONS |
84 |
| A doctor has the duty to first communicate to the professional media the discoveries or conclusions derived from his scientific studies, whatever the results. Advanced disclosure to any general media is contrary to Medical Ethics. |
84 |
| A doctor must not use in written, oral or visual scientific publications any data that allows the identification of the patient. When the possibility of identification cannot be avoided, the doctor must have the explicit consent of the interested part... |
84 |
| TELEMEDICINE AND INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES (ICT) |
86 |
| The use of telematic means or other non-face-to-face communication systems intended to help in decision-making within the professional field is in accordance with Medical Ethics, provided that the identification of those involved is unequivocal, confi... |
86 |
| The telemedicine modality through which the consultation was carried out, as well as the prescribed medical treatment and recommendations given, must be recorded in the medical record. |
86 |
| When doctors use communication systems, they must be responsible for their actions and for the direct and indirect damages that may arise from them. |
87 |
| When a doctor uses telemedicine, their interventions must be guided by a scientific basis, professionalism, veracity, and prudence and will always be in accordance with the content of this Code. |
87 |
| In social communication systems, a doctor must take care of their attitude and image, as well as use appropriate language in form and content. |
87 |
| Contributing to disseminate false and unverified information that goes against scientific evidence is contrary to Medical Ethics. |
88 |
| Doctors who use telemedicine and all non-face-to-face care modalities for healthcare or teaching purposes must take extreme measures to protect the safety and confidentiality of the patient, paying special attention to the privacy settings of said means. |
88 |
| Research and other activities related to health databases and Artificial Intelligence should be for the benefit of society and public health objectives. |
88 |
| In Artificial Intelligence it is essential that the doctor is committed to protecting the confidentiality, control, and ownership of patient data and to developing models that include consent and data management. |
88 |
| A doctor must not disseminate information that creates false expectations, social alarm, or that generates confusion or doubts regarding the care, maintenance, or prevention of health. |
90 |
| Medical advertising, healthcare marketing, and the online branding process must comply with the standards set forth in this Code with respect to advertising. |
90 |
| ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) AND HEALTH DATABASES |
92 |
| A doctor must demand ethical and final control of research with Artificial Intelligence based on the transparency, reversibility, and traceability of the processes in which it intervenes to guarantee patient safety. |
92 |
| Health data extracted from large health databases or robotic systems can help make clinical and health decisions, but they do not replace the obligation that the doctor has to use the necessary methods for good professional practice. |
92 |
| 25Article 87.1 |
94 |
| MEDICAL ADVERTISING |
94 |
| The medical profession has the right to use informational advertising. Advertising messages cannot violate the dignity of individuals or that of the medical profession. |
94 |
| Advertisements must pursue a balance between publicizing the services that a doctor is qualified to provide and the information that a patient or user must have to choose their assistance with the necessary guarantees for their person and their health. |
94 |
| Medical advertising must prevent health information from being misleading, leaving the advertising message clearly differentiated from the scientific one. |
94 |
| Medical advertising must be objective, prudent and truthful so that it does not raise false hopes or propagate unfounded concepts. |
95 |
| Subliminal advertising is contrary to Medical Ethics because it tries to manipulate people without them being aware of it. |
95 |
| It is contrary to Medical Ethics to use advertising to propagate unfounded concepts, foster misleading hopes of relief or cure, propose as effective procedures that do not have the best available scientific evidence, or promote false needs related to ... |
95 |
| It is contrary to Medical Ethics for a doctor to offer their services as a prize in contests or as a business promotion of any kind. |
95 |
| Medical advertising must not use people of public notoriety or real patients as a means of inducing health consumption. |
96 |
| When a doctor offers their services through advertisements, these must be of an informative nature, showing information that includes their identity, registration number, and the specialty registered with the Local Medical Association. They should not... |
96 |
| A doctor who participates in medical advertising is obliged to declare his potential conflicts of interest. |
96 |
| A doctor who, representing a scientific society or is under its protection, carries out medical advertising is subject to the rules of this Code. |
96 |
| XXVI |
98 |
| ECONOMY |
98 |
| A medical act should not have as its exclusive objective an economic benefit. |
98 |
| Medical fees must be fair, proportionate, and not abusive. The collection of commissions for the indication of tests or treatments, the perception of fees for acts not carried out and the referral of patients, for profit, between professionals, indivi... |
98 |
| A doctor may refrain from charging a patient fees when they see fit. |
98 |
| A doctor must not sell pharmaceuticals or any other product that has a therapeutic purpose. |
99 |
| It is contrary to Medical Ethics to attract customers through the use of advertising that includes prices for care. |
99 |
| ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS |
100 |
| FINAL PROVISIONS |
100 |